Thailand has a long history of higher education development. During the reign of Rama IV (1851-1868) it became clear that public education was inadequate to prepare high caliber government officials to serve the country. With this need in mind, the King laid the foundations establishing an official education system which persists to today. Education reform continued under King Rama V, with the creation of the first formal school. In 1887, the Department of Education was established to oversee schooling and religious affairs. The Department then had under its jurisdiction 34 schools in the metropolitan and provincial areas, 4 advanced/specialized schools, 81 teachers and 1,994 students.
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| Thammasat University |
Higher education was viewed as an avenue to modernize and professionalize the civil service. Thailand’s first university, Chulalongkorn University, was established in 1916, with four departments: medicine, law and political science, engineering, and literature and science. In 1934, two years after Thailand’s transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, the second university, Thammasat University, was established with the mission to train future professionals and civil servants in the social sciences (law, political science and liberal arts). Three other universities were founded a few years later: Kasetsart University (1943), specializing in agricultural education; Silpakorn University (1943), specializing in Fine Arts; and Mahidol University (1969), specializing in medicine.
In this early period of university development, all higher education institutions were located in Bangkok. By the 1960s, new comprehensive universities were established in several provinces: Chiang Mai University in the north, Khon Kaen University in the northeast and Prince of Songkla University in the south. The number of institutions grew steadily in the 1960s and 1970s, with new centers of higher learning established: the National Institute for Development and Administration (NIDA), the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)—specializing in science and engineering programs—and King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology. Two open admission universities, Ramkhamhaeng University and Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, were established to promote greater access for secondary school graduates and those already employed.
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| Chulalongkorn University |
The enactment of the Higher Education Institution Act in 1981, to replace the former Private College Act (1971), intensified the development of private institutions in response tohigh public demand for tertiary education. This led to rapid growth in the number of both public and private nstitutions—from 5 in 1967 to 166 in 2008